| EXTRACTS FROM HUMAN DEVELOPMENT BALANCE SHEET (GB93) | |
|
GLOBAL PROGRESS |
GLOBAL FRAGMENTATION |
| DEMOCRACY AND PARTICIPATION | |
| Since 1980, 81 countries have taken significant steps towards democracy, with 33 military regimes replaced by civilian governments | Of the 81 new democracies, only 47 are fully democratic. Many others do not seem to be in transition to democracy or have lapsed back into authoritarianism or conflict |
| By 2000 there were 37,000 registered international NGOs, one-fifth more than in 1990. More than 2,150 NGOs have consultative status with the UN Economic and Social Council, and 1,550 are associated with the UN Department of Public Information | 51 countries
have not ratified the International Labour Organization’s
Convention on Freedom of Association, and 39 have not ratified
its Convention on Collective Bargaining NGOs still do not have consultative status with the UN Security Council or General Assembly. Only 251 of the 1,550 NGOs associated with the UN Department of Public Information are based in developing countries |
| 125 countries, with 62% of the world population, have a free or partly free press | 61 countries, with 38% of the world’s population, still do not have a free press |
| The number of countries ratifying the six main human rights conventions and covenants has increased dramatically since 1990. Ratifications of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) grew from around 90 to nearly 150 | 106
countries still restrict important civil and political freedoms 38 countries have not ratified or signed the ICCPR, and 41 have not ratified or signed the ICESCR |
| ECONOMIC JUSTICE | |
| The proportion of the world’s people living in extreme poverty fell from 29% in 1990 to 23% in 1999 | The
richest 5% of the world’s people have incomes 114 times those
of the poorest 5%
During the 1990s the number of people in extreme poverty in sub-Saharan Africa rose from 242 million to 300 million |
| HEALTH AND EDUCATION | |
| 57 countries, with half of the world’s people, have halved hunger or are on track to do so by 2015 | Child
immunization rates in sub-Saharan Africa have fallen below 50%
At the current rate it would take more than 130 years to rid the world of hunger |
| Between 1970 and 2000 the under-five mortality rate worldwide fell from 95 to 56 per 1,000 live births | Every
day more than 30,000 children around the world die of preventable
diseases
Every year more than 500,000 women die as a result of pregnancy and childbirth |
| 51 countries, with 41% of the world’s people, have achieved or are on track to achieve universal primary enrolment | 113
million school-age children are not in school—97% of them
in developing countries 60% of children not in primary school worldwide are girls |
| PEACE AND PERSONAL SECURITY | |
| The International Criminal Court’s 60th country ratification, in April 2002, established a permanent structure for adjudicating crimes against humanity | Genocide occurred in Europe and Africa, with 200,000 people killed in Bosnia in 1992-95 and at least 500,000 killed in Rwanda in 1994 |
| The 1990s saw a large decline in deaths from inter-State conflicts, to 220,000 people over the decade, down from nearly three times that in the 1980s | Nearly 3.6 million people were killed in wars within States in the 1990s |
| Reflecting pressure from some 1,400 civil society groups in 90 countries, the 1997 Mine Ban Treaty has been ratified by 123 States | Major countries such as China, the Russian Federation and the United States have not signed the Mine Ban Treaty |
